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Papers from WTC and ITA conferences have been made available as PDF documents.
ProceedingsThere are 1984 documents.
List of endorsed conferences
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WTC
World Tunnelling Congress
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Seismic Performance of Deep Underground Vertical Shafts
Abstract: In a dense urban landscape underground space has been increasingly utilized and transformed into complex networks of tunnels and shafts to facilitate transport of people and material. These underground structures are essential part of infrastructure and any disruptions to their functionality can result in high economic losses. This is even more critical in extreme events like earthquakes. This...
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Seismic site response a comparative study considering Italian standard code
Abstract: Italy is one of the countries in the Mediterranean with the highest seismic risk. The Italian technical standards for construction since 2008 requires the estimation of seismic site amplification. The paper attempts to give a critical overview of the field of site response analysis evaluating the influences of the main sources of uncertainties considering Equivalent Linear and Non Linear...
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Seismicity and constructability govern design of submerged tube bridge
Abstract: The Golden Horn in Istanbul is being crossed by several bridges, one of them to be replaced by a tunnel. The river has a steep profile with densely populated banks. Because of the planned connections to the boulevards, traditional solutions (immersed tunnel in a trench, TBM tunnel) proved not feasible. Commissioned by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IBB), Arcadis designed a shallow...
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Settlement Induced by Metro Tunnelling and Countermeasures in Xi'an, China
Abstract: Pre-grouting has been widely employed in the metro construction, especially in Loess tunnels, due to the potential hazards of ground deformation. In order to investigate the effect of pre-grouting in Loess, the in-situ deformation of building and surface was monitored during the tunnelling of Xi'an metro in China. Results show that the settlement can be reduced substantially with pre-grouting...
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Settlement prediction and observed behaviour of a railway embankmen
Abstract: The Cityringen Branch-off to Nordhavnen project adds 2.5km double track to the Cityringen underground metro line, along with two new stations (Nordhavn and Orientkaj), an emergency egress shaft at Krauseparken and a crossover between Nordhavn and Orientkaj. A design and construction contract for the underground civil works includes a new underground station at Nordhavn, 1.8km of twin bored...
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Shallow Subway Construction by Rectangular Pipe Jac king Machine
Abstract: The use of rectangular pipe jacking machine has become necessary in Singapore for the construction of passenger subway due to various site constraints where excavation by tradition cut-and-cover method is not feasible due to complex diversion works for utilities and traffic. This paper will discuss about the design and construction of the very first passenger subway for commercial project in...
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Shape effect and rock stiffness evaluation for a TBM launch shaft in limestone
Abstract: On a stormwater project in the Middle East, which supports sustainable urban development and climate resilience, a 30 m deep TBM launch shaft in limestone has been designed as a 36 m long shaft with 26 m long straight walls and rounded ends with 5 m radius. The paper provides an overview of the design of the temporary shotcrete lining with rock bolts, which was based on 2D plane strain...
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Shell-Spring-Contact Model for Shield Tunnel Lining Analyses
Abstract: In order to study the 3D mechanical behavior of the shield tunnel lining, a new analysis model is put forward, which is called Shell-Spring-Contact Model (SSCM). It employs the shell, spring, solid and contact elements to simulate the lining segments, joints and interaction with ground. The model can be considered in Load-Structure Mode or Stratum-Structure Mode. In the former mode, the...
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Site C : Clean Energy Project - Diversion Tunnels
Abstract: The Site C Clean Energy Project is currently under construction in northeast British Columbia, Canada. The 1100 MW hydroelectric project includes two diversion tunnels 700 m and 792 m long, excavated to nominal 12 m diameter. Final, concrete-lined diameter is 10.8 m. Host rock is a horizontally bedded weak clay shale classes as ISRM R1 to R2. Despite the weak rock mass classification, the...
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Slurry Treatment Plants in Mechanized Tunneling Operations - Safety, Performance
Abstract: In mechanized tunneling operations performance, consumption and safety are main factors for jobsites. One of the most important components effecting these factors, especially in slurry TBM operations, are Slurry Treatment Plants (STPs). Inadequate / suboptimal dimensioned and designed STPs create bottlenecks for tunneling operation and jeopardize time schedules and performance. Inefficiently...
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Soil anchors A safe and sustainable support system for excavations in soft clay
Abstract: As Gothenburg undergoes major infrastructure upgrade which includes excavation works in the city centre during 2017-2026, there is a need for an efficient and safe temporary support system to enable works. This paper focuses on a project in the city where a cut-andcover tunnel is being constructed. The enabling works include a 13 meters deep excavation in soft clay supported by a sheet pile...
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Soil conditioning process of Pliocene formation for Rome Metro C EPB -TBM
Abstract: The overall project of the Rome Metro C line includes the realization of more than 50 km of tunnels and 30 underground stations. The T3 stretch, in particular, involves the realization of underground operations under the Rome city centre, one of the richest areas of historical and archaeological buildings included in the UNESCO World Heritage. In the central part of section T3 the excavation...
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Soil conditioning of volcanic soil using low environmental impact agents
Abstract: EPB technology is an effective tunnelling method in urban areas when surface settlements must be avoided by controlling face stability and underground water inflow. Soil conditioning plays a major role on this aspect, although the use of additives should be limited encouraging the use of low environmental impact products. This paper analyses the conditioning process of the EPB used for the...
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Squeezing Mechanism in a Large Tunnel Constructed i n Weak Rock Mass
Abstract: Unexpected and severe deformations occurred during the excavation in the T15 tunnel constructed in Ankara-İstanbul High Speed Railway Project. As a result of these deformations, failures occurred in the tunnel supports and the tunnel lost its stability. Deformations occurred between Km: 191 + 080 - 191 + 300, and 50 cm deformations were measured. Due to the closures, cracks occurred in the...
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Stability Analysis of Tunnels in Upper Soft and Lower Hard Composite Strata
Abstract: During tunnelling, the stratum of the tunnel faces appear two or more different physical and mechanical characteristics. In this paper, the stability of tunnel construction in upper soft and lower hard typical composite strata is studied. The influence of thickness-span ratio, height-span ratio, stratum stratification ratio, stratum physical and mechanical parameters, and stratification dip...
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Stability Analysis of Twin tunnels By A New Limit Strain Criterion
Abstract: The Stability of twin tunnels is carried out using the strength reduction method (SRM) based on an ideal elastic-plastic model. However, yield and failure are difficult to differentiate only by stress values in the ideal elastic-plastic model. To address this problem, this paper presents a new limit strain criterion which means the connectivity of zone gets the limit shear or tensile strain. An...
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