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Papers from WTC and ITA conferences have been made available as PDF documents.
ProceedingsThere are 1984 documents.
List of endorsed conferences
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WTC
World Tunnelling Congress
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Optimum stage construction of Tehran metro lines 6 and 7 in regard to intersection of these lines
Abstract: The phase 1 of line 6 of Tehran metro with 11700km connects the South East to the North East of the metropolitan. At 6526km, this line underpasses the line 7 so that there is 1.67m vertical distance between the floor of line 7 and the crown of line 6. In this paper, the intersection has been modeled using the 2D finite element method. A model close to reality has been constructed to study the...
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Passive Fire Protection Applications in Marmaray Tunnels
Abstract: Fire insulation is required of the train tunnels of the Marmaray Project against the load of 100 MW hydrocarbon fire for a minimum duration of 4 hours. The purpose is to limit the structural damage, i.e. without a collapse and/or catastrophic flooding of the tunnels, under the specified fire load that the passengers can safely be evacuated and also the facility can...
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TBM Tunneling by EPB Method under Shallow Soft Ground
Abstract: The Railways Bosphorus Tube Crossing-Tunnels and Stations of the Marmaray Project is an underground route of 13.6 km, consisting of twin bored tunnels for a length of 9.7 km. The so-called TBM-1 Tunnels, constituting 2.4 km of the bored tunnels, are located between Yedikule and Yenikapı sites, which is a highly overcrowded urban area of the Istanbul City. The TBM-1 Tunnels have been driven by...
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Arch shaped cut-and-cover tunnels on the new “Pedemontana Lombarda” motorway
Abstract: An innovative prefabrication method has been successfully employed for the construction of arch-shaped cut and cover tunnels on the new “Pedelombarda” motorway. The tunnels consist of prefabricated components resting on a cast-in-place invert. This solution has been employed with span widths varying from 14 m to 19 m and overburdens from a minimum of 1 m up to 8-9 m....
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Engineering geological observations during construction of Caldecott 4 Tunnel State route 24, San Francisco, California
Abstract: The 4 Bore is a highway tunnel on California State Route 24 (SR24), currently under finalization in the eastern San Francisco bay area. The 4 Bore is an undertaking by the California State Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) and the Contra Costa County Transportation Commission (CCTC). Its purpose is to alleviate traffic congestion on SR24, which connects the cities of Oakland and Walnut...
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Application to the Reliability Index of Tunnel Maintenance based on Field Inspection
Abstract: New integrated approach for assessing the integrity of underground structure has been verified with the rebound number, ultra-sonic speed, carbonation speed, and deterioration rate in the Precise Inspection for Safety and Diagnosis by KISTEC. To combine the evaluation of each NDT (Non-Destructive Test) technic, limit state function has been suggested based on the experimental output from 28...
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Adapting the FIDIC Standard Forms of Contract for Underground Construction Projects
Abstract: The FIDIC (Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs de Conseils) standard forms of contracts are the most widely used contract conditions for the construction industry worldwide, especially for large-scale infrastructure projects. Their popularity and wide acceptance is partly due to their applicability in different legal systems, clear and coherent language,...
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Reliability analysis for the excavation of University of Chile Station, Line 3 of Santiago Metro
Abstract: The new Line 3 of Santiago Metro includes the construction of the University of Chile Station, just beneath the existing track tunnel of Line 1. A reliability study was carried out to assess the probability of failure of tunnel excavation for the new station. The stability analyses were performed using the analytical solutions by Mühlhaus (1985) and by Anagnostou and Kovári (1994). The...
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Methods for Reducing Contamination Risk of Earth ContainingHeavy Metals from Tunnel Excavation
Abstract: In the construction of two tunnels on Shin-Tomei Expressway in Japan, excavatedrock and earth were found to contain arsenic and pyrite which can lead to the release of arsenic in thelocal area. This resulted in a significant change to the excavation and filling plan as well as to theconstruction cost and time required for completion.The risk of encountering heavy metals-contaminated earth may...
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The reinforcement of the core-face: history and state of the art of the Italian technology that has revolutionized...
Abstract: Systematic reinforcement of the core-face of a tunnel using glass-fiber elements as a structural component to stabilize it in the long and short term is a practice developed in ltaly that has been used for over twenty-five years. During this period significant developments for core-face reinforcement technique have occurred in design approach, construction technologies and materials. This paper...
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Electronic Inspection System Development and Application of City Road Shield Tunnel...
Abstract: Inspection is one of the basic works in road shield tunnel structure maintenance and it is very important work for tunnels in serving. Nowadays most of inspection work in China is by personnel based on paper which has the disadvantages such as low inspection efficiency, lack of plan, high ratio of leak and wrong inspection, low ratio of personnel...
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VSM Shaft Sinking Technology – Mechanized Shaft Sinking with the VSM in different Projects for Subway Ventilation Shafts
Abstract: Sinking shafts below the ground water level can be a difficult process especially in unstable heterogeneous soils where the conventional methods in this field sometimes have to be supported by additional measures like soil stabilization. This article describes the features and benefits of the vertical shaft sinking machines and describes the...
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Mobile furnace for determining fire resistance of existing concrete structures
Abstract: Although for new concrete structures there are extensive fire testing methods, for existing concrete structures a reliable and cost-effective testing method for fire resistance does not exist. This means that nowadays for existing concrete structures it is unclear whether or not the structure is sensitive to concrete spalling or whether the current fire protection layer still holds in a tunnel...
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Final design of Belesar III and Los Peares III Hydropower Projects (Galicia, Spain)
Abstract: Belesar III and Los Peares III Hydropower Projects are reversible plants that require the construction of several underground excavations with different typologies. Belesar III Hydropower Project incorporates the construction of 2.100 m of principal conduction, a pressure shaft and two chambers in order to house the power and the transformer machinery. In addition, the project includes two...
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Management of unexpected swelling clay on Cairo Metro line 3 Phase 2
Abstract: During the construction of Cairo Metro Line 3 Phase 2, ground investigations highlighted the presence of unexpected swelling clay at the tunnel elevation around Cairo Fair station. In order to control this event, investigations were ordered so as to understand why an initially stable clay layer could swell in such large proportions in case of excavation below the water table. Considering the...
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Reliability analysis of block fall in unsupported hard rock tunnels
Abstract: Underground structures such as tunnels require control and maintenance in order to ensure the appropriate use. A methodology for assessing the risk of block fall in unsupported tunnels was proposed using the reliability analysis, First Order Second Moment (FOSM), with the Unwedge software. This paper deals with a particular tunnel of the rail Vitoria-Minas Vale Company, Espirito Santo State,...
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