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Papers from WTC and ITA conferences have been made available as PDF documents.
ProceedingsThere are 1984 documents.
List of endorsed conferences
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WTC
World Tunnelling Congress
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The complex design of two tunnels under archaeological remnants in urban area: planning and measurements of a...
Abstract: The paper deals with the design of twin tunnels, currently under construction, connecting the existing Municipio Station access shaft (interchange node between Metro Line 6 and Metro Line 1 extension project in Naples, Italy) to the TBM extraction shaft located nearly 40 m far from it. The two short tunnels have to underpass archaeological findings consisting in fortification walls built in the...
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Risk assessment of shield TBM tunnelling in soft marine sediments
Abstract: Some risks such as machine settlement, jamming, damage of cutters and others are frequently encountered due to the uncertainties of geological and operational factors during subsea shield TBM tunnelling. This paper, thus, focused on the risk assessment of shield TBM tunnelling in adverse ground conditions. Particularly, the correlation between shield TBM settlement and its advance rate was...
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The application of ductile yielding elements for precast lining segments
Abstract: In the process of tunneling with shield TBMs the annular gap is backfilled with pea gravel or mortar according to the ground conditions. Due to the operational procedure an unfavorable bedding situation of the annular gap often leads to ovalization and accompanying damages of the segmental lining. With voluminous stress induced failure and the lack of necessary relaxation space local...
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Warsaw metro Line 2: TBM Excavation in difficult condition: The underpass of Vistula river
Abstract: the central stretch of the Warsaw Metro Line 2 has an extension of 6,3 km with 7 stations. The paper describes the underpass of Vistula River which has been the most critical of several significant underpasses dealt during the excavation with the TBM. The collected geotechnical data and bathymetric surveys have been useful to define the TBM parameters according the A.DE.CO-RS design approach....
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Design and construction of the underground emergency stop for the Koralm Tunnel project
Abstract: The Koralm Tunnel, a twin-tube single-track railway tunnel with an overall length of almost 33 km and a maximum overburden of over 1.200 m, closes the most significant gap of the future high-capacity railway line from Graz to Klagenfurt, Austria. Located close to the tunnel center, an emergency stop will provide the facilities for future travelers to be evacuated to safety in case of an...
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The Brenner Base Tunnel, Overview and TBM Specifications at the Austrian Side
Abstract: The Brenner Base Tunnel (BBT) - including the existing bypass of Innsbruck (Inn Valley Tunnel) - runs for 64 km between Austria and Italy, making it the longest underground railway tunnel in the world. The BBT consists of two single track tubes, connecting cross passages every 333 m and an exploratory tunnel – which lies between and about 12 m below the main tunnels. About 40 km of more than...
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Composite tunnel linings, allowing a more cost effective and sustainable tunnel design
Abstract: Spray applied waterproof membranes allow composite action between the concrete and the membrane in a tunnel lining. This paper proposes a design chart for the determination of the secondary lining thickness that will allow designers to reduce the lining thickness when composite action is considered. This paper also presents potential savings in materials and carbon footprint in a quantified...
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Cover grouting through unconsolidated deposits at the Upper Lillooet Hydro Electric Project, Pemberton, BC, Canada
Abstract: The Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project, an 81.4 MW run-of-river hydropower project is located in Southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The project involved the excavation of a 6 m wide x 5.5 m high, approximately 2500 m long tunnel along the Upper Lillooet Valley, adjacent to the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, the most recently active volcano in Western Canada. Tunnelling conditions...
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Tunneling of highly inclined tunnels near critical infrastructures
Abstract: As part of the cable undergrounding project of a section of power lines in the city of Lugano, in a highly-urbanized area, a tunnel named “Vezia-Crespera cables tunnel” was excavated using a 3.6 metres in diameter TBM for about one kilometer in length. This tunnel also would also supply power to the Ceneri base railway tunnel which was still under construction. In order to expand the...
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Demolition and reconstruction of a railway tunnel without interruption of trafic
Abstract: The Coldrerio tunnel, 97 meters long, is located on the Milan-Zurich railway line in southern Switzerland. The existing tunnel was around 100 years old and needed a complete renovation to extend its service life. The complete renovation of the tunnel, was also necessary as part of the "Corridor 4 meters" project that FFS realized by the Swiss Confederation task. As expected from the objectives...
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Naturally occurring asbestos in the Rocks belonging to Sestri – Voltaggio Zone (Liguria, Northern Italy). Excavation...
Abstract: The project and construction for the new high speed railway line (connecting Genoa to Milan) faced one of the most important environmental issues: safe excavation and managing of rocks, that may contain asbestos in relevant amounts. Asbestos is a group of fibrous minerals that mainly occurs in mafic and ultramafic rocks (ophiolitic sequences). This work focuses the criteria to better evaluate...
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Long-Term Experimental Assessment of the Water-Tightness of Gasket with Hydrophilic Sealant under High Water Pressure
Abstract: Tunnel construction with segmental linings (shield tunnels) under extremely high water pressure, such as those at a great depth or underneath the seabed or both, has been increasing. In those tunnels, significant water infiltration at the joints of segmental linings could be a serious problem and lead to a catastrophic event. Water-tightness at segmental joints is also important to ensure the...
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Geological monitoring of Follo Line TBM project in Norway
Abstract: The Follo Line project is the first TBM excavation using double shield machines in Norway. The compensation format is based upon the NTNU-model and variations in geology are related to the fracturing factor, K, CLI, and quartz content. Double shield TBMs give very limited access to the rock mass, but with compensation directly linked to rock mass fracturing, mapping in the tunnel is important....
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Launching structures for tbm tunnelling. Design and purpose
Abstract: Different TBM launching structures can be designed for different situations and projects, depending on many factors. The constructability of those structures and many other constrains related to the safety and functionality, must be taken into consideration during the design to fulfil their purpose. Collecting many types of TBMs experiences and different TBM launching requirements, some...
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Singular portals - Yanango Tunnel
Abstract: The excavation and reinforcement of the portals is the first phase in the construction of tunnels. Both the topography as well as the geology of the area should be taken into consideration when designing the portals, addressing a series of specific problems different to that of the excavation of the tunnels. The construction of the portals in mountainous environments, with steep slopes and...
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Best Practices and Perspectives for Cross Connections in Twin-Tube Rail Tunnels
Abstract: Cross connections represent a fundamental safety facility for rail tunnels. The key parameters characterizing cross connections, including maximum distance, minimum dimensions, technical equipment and level of protection, depend on a number of regulations and vary significantly from country to country. For this reason, a research study was initiated by Amberg Engineering Ltd. in cooperation...
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