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  Practical Considerations for Designing Rock Support for Tunnel Linings in Open Gripper TBMs

  Tunnelling can be said to unite theory and practice into its own construction art. With this in mind, it is impossible for designers of tunnel linings to disassociate themselves from the practical construction aspects of excavation and installation of support. This paper provides guidance for designers of rock support and linings for tunnels excavated with hard rock open gripper Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) who do not necessarily have a strong practical background with these machines. This paper gives an overview of the open gripper TBM and the various support elements available to the designer, including the initial support that is applied just behind the TBM shield, invert installation and the permanent support that is applied further back on the machine. For each of the support elements, the purpose of the support is discussed, as are the methods of installation and the practical design considerations that the designer must take into account.

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