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  Evaluation of applied SFRC as a steel replacement in the design stage in a part of Cairo Metro line No. 4

  Apart from development in machine technology and other cross sectional tunnel shapes, the alternative lining systems. It has carried out as well, in early sixties in the former Soviet Republic experiments were carried out with tunnel lining without any joints [1] after excavation; the soil was replaced by in site poured concrete lining. At the end of the seventies and beginning of the eighties German and Japanese contractor’s further development the principle with idea to improve the following points : 1 No secondary lining any more 2 Reducing the settlements 3 Improve the quality and behavior of the tunnel lining 4 Reduction of the construction cost by increase in construction speed 5 Developing the lining material. That which our aim of this technical paper.

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