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  Design considerations of segmental tunnel linings in assembly stage

  The design process of a segmental tunnel lining requires a correct identification of all loads acting on the precast concrete segments, both during construction as well as throughout the lifetime of the structure. The application of strain and ovalisation measurements during and after construction of the Liefkenshoek rail tunnel in Belgium has shown that the actions corresponding to the early construction stage - including ring erection, advance of the TBM and tail grouting - have a substantial influence on the segmental loading that cannot be neglected in the structural design. Significant displacements of the tunnel lining always occur during the first week after construction, while the first few days after installation of a tunnel section prove to be governing for a majority of the strain sensors. Finally, the design and assessment of the long-term durability of the tunnel lining should still pay attention to special load states after construction, such as the presence of a tidal river.

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