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  Applying hydrogeological investigation to determine high potential zones of water inrush for a shaft construction

  Shaft is one of the major accessories of a long tunnel, providing as a channel for ventilation after the tunnel is in operation, and an excavating face during tunnel construction, if necessary. Shafts penetrate vertically into a ground, differ from tunnels that has almost horizontal alignment, making groundwater nearby the shaft gather together to its bottom. For a top-down excavated shaft, the inflow groundwater must be pumped out of the shaft. Even a small discharge of groundwater hinders from the construction of the shaft, and a huge inrush groundwater can endanger the labors working inside the shaft. As such, investigation and mitigation of water inrush to a shaft is a key issue for its construction.

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