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Abstract: Shaft is one of the major accessories of a long tunnel, providing as a channel for ventilation after the tunnel is in operation, and an excavating face during tunnel construction, if necessary. Shafts penetrate vertically into a ground, differ from tunnels that has almost horizontal alignment, making groundwater nearby the shaft gather together to its bottom. For a top-down excavated shaft, the...
Abstract: It is the largest in the world that the mileage and construction scale of new highway tunnels of China Safety problem of tunnel structure has been more and more emphasized heavily. Based on construction experience, long term safety of highway tunnel is mainly depending on technical status of supporting and lining. Nevertheless, the technical status evaluation has long been based on technicians’...
Abstract: Pertinent evaluation of structural integrity and safety of tunnels in operation is a prospect that tunnel engineers are striving for. In the meanwhile, clarifying the cause of tunnel anomalies is also essential to effective tunnel maintenance. Researches indicated that the pattern of lining cracks can be characterized to suggest possible candidates of anomaly causes. Nevertheless, quantitative...