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  Deformation mechanism and effect of countermeasure for tunnel under swelling rock condition

  Temporary support of tunnel is generally constructed conforming to ground condition on the result of observation and measurement during construction, and permanent lining is constructed after the judgment of convergence of displacement. Deformation and defect during service stage is grasped by periodical inspection, and some countermeasures are performed if necessary. Then, cracks over lining and pavement, and heaving of road surface often occur, however, the judgment of the development process of such defect only by the data acquired from construction and service stage could be difficult. The deformation and defect development of tunnel, constructed in swelling rock condition, are reported through the result from in-situ measurement in this paper. The effect of inverted arch as a countermeasure in swelling rock condition is also shown through numerical analysis.

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