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Abstract: Permanent lining has various functions for tunnel and naturally the fire proof resistance is included, and it is expected to confirm the safety for users. The road tunnels in Japan constructed by conventional method uses plain concrete as permanent lining in general conditions. The thickness is 30 cm and its compressive strength is 18 MPa mainly [1]. Installation of emergency facilities against...
Abstract: There are more than 10,000 road tunnels in Japan, and every year, more and more tunnels reach the end of their service lifetimes. These tunnels include some in which their lining concrete has been deformed by external force so that they require reinforcement measures. The authors have developed a reinforcement method that can guarantee adequate load-bearing capacity by using precast concrete...
Abstract: Temporary support of tunnel is generally constructed conforming to ground condition on the result of observation and measurement during construction, and permanent lining is constructed after the judgment of convergence of displacement. Deformation and defect during service stage is grasped by periodical inspection, and some countermeasures are performed if necessary. Then, cracks over lining...
Abstract: Up-close visual inspections have been mandatory and hammering tests were done as necessary in periodical inspections for all road tunnels in Japan from 2014. Information obtained by the inspections should be accurately evaluated in order to diagnose soundness of the tunnels and take proper countermeasures correctly. Defect and deformation mechanisms of the permanent lining of mountain...