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  Long-term durability of permanent lining concrete in mountain tunnel

  Up-close visual inspections have been mandatory and hammering tests were done as necessary in periodical inspections for all road tunnels in Japan from 2014. Information obtained by the inspections should be accurately evaluated in order to diagnose soundness of the tunnels and take proper countermeasures correctly. Defect and deformation mechanisms of the permanent lining of mountain tunnels, such as crack occurrence and development, have not clarified. Delamination and spalling of concrete, harming tunnel users, sometimes occur. Data related to crack width and stress change in lining were gathered over 10 years and its long-term behavior and durability are discussed. The results show that the basic behavior of tunnel permanent lining, including cracks over concrete lining, are clarified, and provide insights needed to set frequency and methodology of periodical tunnel inspection.

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