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  Long-term deterioration prediction of cut-and-cover tunnels affected by carbonation or chloride attack based on field data

  In this paper, the parameters for long-term deterioration prediction of subway tunnels in Japan are clarified by the analysis of field data. In Japan, many reinforced concrete structures have been damaged by carbonation or chloride attack, and most of Japanese subway tunnels are built using reinforced concrete. Therefore, it is important to figure out the parameters. The ratio of concrete carbonation is the same as that of the design value of structures on the ground, and the variability of the ratio is larger than that assumed in the design value. The chloride diffusion coefficient is lower than the design value of structures on the ground. Therefore, it is showed that chloride attack has often occurred in the tunnels near tidal rivers, which are exposed to severe chloride environment. In addition, as a result of the prediction, it is predicted that tunnels affected by carbonation reach the corroding limit in 123 years and ones by chloride attack do in 23 years.

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