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Abstract: In this paper, the parameters for long-term deterioration prediction of subway tunnels in Japan are clarified by the analysis of field data. In Japan, many reinforced concrete structures have been damaged by carbonation or chloride attack, and most of Japanese subway tunnels are built using reinforced concrete. Therefore, it is important to figure out the parameters. The ratio of concrete...
Abstract: In Japan, Tunnel boring machine (TBM) has been used fluently in soft ground at urban area and these tunnels are called “shield tunnel”. Until 1980, the most of all machine was manual excavate type. However, the ground surface settlement was occurred at many sites. As a result, the earth pressure type and slurry type were developed and These are used mainly. Moreover the original design method...