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  Design Optimization in a Conventional Tunnelling Project in Urban Area using the Observational Method- Niayesh Road Tunnel in Tehran, Iran

  The observational method as a practical engineering approach in tunnelling projects allows the designer to employ formal approaches towards design uncertainties by the installation of appropriate monitoring system and allows design optimization during construction. In this research, firstly characteristics, limitations, problems and hazards of Niayesh road tunnel project were presented. Then geotechnical, structural and geodetic monitoring plan of this project considering its positioning in densely populated urban area were introduced. Observational method was applied to the Niayesh tunnel project to conduct modification of design to suit encountered ground conditions considering monitoring and observations results and experiences gained during construction. By the application of the observational method, the project was constructed safely, the costs were decreased more than 35 million US dollars and excavation rate was increased more than 65 percent.

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