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  Design and Construction of Underground Caverns under Different Geological Conditions in the Andean Region

  This article presents design criteria, behavioral and construction aspects of five deep underground power stations excavated in sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, as components of an equal number of hydropower projects either in operation or construction in the Andes Mountain Range. Guavio is highlighted amongst several cases as one of the deepest power stations in South America built in medium-strength sedimentary rocks and complex geology. Also presented is the experience acquired at the underground power stations of Miel I and Porce III Hydropower Stations, excavated in igneous and metamorphic rocks in Colombia’s Central Andes. The Platanal cavern located in igneous rock at a depth of approximately 700 m is also described. And lastly, the experience of the underground powerhouse for the hydroelectric project of Sogamoso also in Colombia excavated in relatively weak sandstone is presented.

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