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  Providing the Right Geotechnical Exploration and Testing Data for Closed-Face Soil Tunneling

  Site investigation methods for both soil and rock tunnels must continuously improve to keep up with the increasing demands posed by rapidly developing tunneling technology. Earth Pressure and Slurry Pressure Balance TBMs require data to reliably predict face pressures, optimum muck weights or volumes, abrasion, stickiness, muck conditioning agents, safe haven locations, ground improvement for interventions, presence of obstacles, hazardous gas risks, etc. to a degree never before needed. Moreover, design of excavation and ground support for underground projects now utilize sophisticated numerical analyses that demand improved undisturbed sampling and testing methods to more closely model actual in situ conditions. This paper discusses improved methods for exploring and defining soil and groundwater conditions that will have a significant impact on the selection of appropriate underground construction means and methods

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