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Abstract: Various forms of ground improvement have been used at tunnel launching and receiving shafts, at cross passages, for large underground openings such as stations, and for cutterhead maintenance interventions. The most common ground improvement methods in soil include various forms of: dewatering, ground freezing, and grouting. All of these methods suffer some limitations in improving soils that...
Abstract: Site investigation methods for both soil and rock tunnels must continuously improve to keep up with the increasing demands posed by rapidly developing tunneling technology. Earth Pressure and Slurry Pressure Balance TBMs require data to reliably predict face pressures, optimum muck weights or volumes, abrasion, stickiness, muck conditioning agents, safe haven locations,...