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  Ground Water Control in Headrace Tunnel for the Uma Oya Project, Sri Lanka

  The breakthrough of the Headrace Tunnel in the Uma Oya project done on the 2nd of October 2019, which face a lot of challenges and unforeseeable geological conditions of 15.4 km. Headrace Tunnel excavated by two hard rock double shield Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) with 4.3 m excavation diameter in upward and downward slopes, without any middle access. Upward driven TBM excavated more than 10 km and the other one excavated remaining parts downward. This tunnel faced huge water ingress in stages of excavation from both driving sides. This paper reviews the method statement and techniques for groundwater control in parallel of the excavations and any other activity as a case study in such a long tunnel.

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