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  Importance of Identifying Defects Which Occur During Tunnel Construction for Maintenance, and Examples of Such Defects

  Maintenance of tunnel structures begins with inspection. Cracks and other defects are frequently found in old tunnels. There are three causes of cracking: external force, material deterioration, and initial defects from construction. As the number of possible causes increases, the determination of cause increases in difficulty. If the characteristics of initial defects are understood, it will be easier to identify the cause. The authors began our investigation by interviewing experienced engineers regarding the initial defects such as cracks in tunnel lining which were generated with the rib and lagging excavation method, and clarified the patterns and causes of cracks. Next, the problems arising in maintenance in terms of initial defects were discussed.

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