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  Segmental Lining Design for Long TBM Tunnels in Hard Rock - Case Study Follo Line Tunnels

  The two 18 km long TBM tunnels of the Follo Line in mainly very hard rock have an overburden of up to 165 m. Lining design was extensive, having to cover for very different design situations while providing economic reinforcement. Numerical analyses were performed with full 3D-analyses and shift-iteration, Pseudo-3D- and 2D-FE-models for structural verifications and curved shell models for handling load cases and tangential splitting. Outstanding issues were extreme water pressures, combined reinforcement of welded cages with steel fibres, provision of confining reinforcement to extend partial loading, fire analysis and spalling testing for the sealing gaskets.

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