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  Assessment on Tunnel Lining Due To Jack Forces Effects to Ensure Stability in Soft Ground Tunnelling

  Soft ground tunnelling is a complex problem. Ground only has little to no time gap to be left without any support, hence, tunnel lining is use to support the ground. A thick tunnel lining usually used to support the ground convergence but lead to heavy lifting and slow the construction progress. Reduction of tunnel lining thickness would shorten the time of lining installation (due to lightweight segment) and also help in reducing the cost of tunnel construction. However, as lining is ejected to place via jack thrust forces which induced from face pressure, the integrity of lining is questionable. Large jack forces may lead to lining failure and heave may occur in ground; but if the forces is too small, the TBM speed may be reduces considerably along with the collapse of the face pressure. Therefore, this paper presents the effect of lining thickness and jack forces to ensure the stability of soft ground tunnelling. Numerical modelling of staggered tunnel lining segments in soft ground model were carried out with ABAQUS software. In the findings, when the tunnel lining thickness is reduced, the settlement of the ground surface is increased. In addition, jack force is also found as one of the reasons of the tunnel to distort and the effect is more visible on the rings with reduced thickness compared to original thickness of the tunnel lining.

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