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Abstract: Soft ground tunnelling is a complex problem. Ground only has little to no time gap to be left without any support, hence, tunnel lining is use to support the ground. A thick tunnel lining usually used to support the ground convergence but lead to heavy lifting and slow the construction progress. Reduction of tunnel lining thickness would shorten the time of lining installation (due to...
Abstract: The development of the surface settlement trough above a tunnel is well described by a Gaussian distribution curve for the case of a single tunnel in “greenfield” conditions. Based on this method, the volume of the surface settlement trough is simply assumed as equal to the amount of the ground loss in the region close to the tunnel. In this study, the volume of settlement troughs due to...