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  A successful case of water cut-off by ground freezing in the excavation of the shaft DST-1

  The construction of the shaft DST-1, 14 m diameter, 65 m deep of the Dugway Storage Tunnel Project (Cleveland), was completed following significant obstacles in the shaft excavation process. After applying different soil treatments (dewatering, jet grouting, permeation grouting) ground freezing was selected as a technically appropriate alternative. Since steel liner plates and ribs were installed in the initial excavation phase, consideration was given to the frost pressures generated by the freezing process. This paper describes the field and laboratory testing as well as the engineering analysis required for freezing to permit excavation below the existing liner plates and into the underlying bedrock. The exiting liner plates and ribs were instrumented to assess the effects of the freezing and compare additional forces with those evaluated during the ground freezing design.

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