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  Shotcrete Excavations in Cohesionless Soils – Comparison of Different Methods for the Reduction of Settlements

  Large shotcrete excavations in cohesionless soils require extensive measures, so that the excavation can be carried out in a safe way. Especially underneath existing buildings, the excavations should be carried out with minimal settlements. To be able to guarantee an excavation with the least possible settlement occurrence, various production methods exist. In this paper the results of numerical calculations are presented on the one hand, which investigate the influence of the geometrical design of the excavation cross sections on the surface settlements. On the other hand, the influence of various support systems on the settlement behavior are examined by means of a top heading. The differences are justified illustratively with the respective load-bearing behavior. Moreover, characteristics are addressed, which are to be considered during the planning and execution of shotcrete excavations with a minimal settlement occurance.

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