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Abstract: Large shotcrete excavations in cohesionless soils require extensive measures, so that the excavation can be carried out in a safe way. Especially underneath existing buildings, the excavations should be carried out with minimal settlements. To be able to guarantee an excavation with the least possible settlement occurrence, various production methods exist. In this paper the results of...
Abstract: Nowadays the realistic prediction of tunnel-induced settlements in urban areas is very important, in order to gain the acceptance of the population for a tunneling project. In this case numerical analyses as well as empirical procedures are suitable. The advantage of empirical settlement trough calculations is, that they can be applied fast and easily and that they use experience from earlier...
Abstract: For sprayed concrete tunnelling in loose soils, spiles and face-bolts are often employed as micro pile systems to stabilise the roof and the face of the tunnel. In this paper, four different construction methods of spile umbrellas will be presented for which extensive site measurements are available. These results will be compared with values from numerical simulations on a three-dimensional...