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  Deep urban excavations with flexible support at Riyadh Metro Line 5

  Riyadh Metro Line 5 is currently under construction by FAST Consortium. It crosses the city centre with a tunnel length of 13.2 km, mostly TBM excavated, involving also major deep surface excavations to suit 12 underground stations, 3 TBM launching/exit shafts and 12 functional shafts. The stations initially required the excavation of rectangular boxes of around 140x27 m, up to 29 m deep. The emergency / ventilation shafts are inserted in cylindrical excavations of diameter 9 m and down to 30 m deep. The most challenging excavation was the southern TBM exit shaft, with a hybrid rectangular/cylindrical shape, high groundwater presence and a depth of 40 m. Most of these deep excavations are located within a dense urban environment, where the strong constraints resulted in small space available, requiring techniques that involve only vertical excavations. The tight schedule and the construction requirements forced rapid construction technologies.

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