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  Cross-passage opening in TBM tunnels – concepts, load-bearing behaviour and experimental investigations

  In TBM tunnelling, the connection of the mainline tunnel with cross-passages (cp) is typically realised upon finalisation of the tunnel drive. In this temporary construction stage, the precast segmental lining is being opened by removing segments in the opening area. In order to continuously support and stabilise the remaining segment rings, segments have to be equipped with load-transfer elements to ensure the deviation of the interrupted annular forces. Hereby, special steel segments or steel frames have been generally installed in earlier tunnel drives whereas nowadays mostly dowel solutions are utilised. The present paper provides an overview of current tendencies and typical solutions. Both design and construction aspects of the different solutions will be discussed. Finally, the load-bearing behaviour will be analysed on the basis of numerical and experimental results (SLS, ULS, ductility).

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