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  The Influence of Layered Soil on Dynamic Analysis of Underground Structure

  Statistically speaking, underground structures experienced a lower rate of damage than surface structures. Nevertheless, in the wake of vast construction of underground facility, i.e. subways, underground emporiums and pipelines, some underground structures have experienced serious damage during recent large earthquakes. Consequently, varies of methods for seismic design and analysis of underground structures have been intensively developed. What makes the seismic behavior distinct from most structures above ground is their complete enclosure in soil or rock. Thus the ground response analysis plays a vital role in the seismic design of underground structures, when it can determine the earthquake-induced force that can lead to instability of earth-retaining structures.

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