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  An Evaluation on Load-Bearing Capacity of Rock Tunnel Lining against Earthquake-attributed Loading

  Huge earthquakes can pose serious risks even for rock tunnels, as evidenced by large earthquakes in the past. In a large earthquake in Japan in 2004, some tunnels suffered severe damages including collapse of their permanent lining, even though the tunnels were constructed in ordinary ground conditions. To mitigate such risks, mechanical behavior of tunnel lining during earthquake should be clarified; however, even basic mechanical behavior including load-bearing capacity of the tunnel lining against earthquake is not fully understood. In this study, a static numerical analysis with the aim of simulating the actual tunnel damage modes during earthquake is carried out to evaluate the load acting on the lining during earthquake and the load-bearing capacity of the lining. Lining concrete is modeled with strain-softening/-hardening material, which shows good agreement with full-scale loading tests of lining concrete in terms of load-bearing capacity. The ground around the tunnel is modeled as homogeneous elastic material for simplicity. Major conclusions include: (1) The numerical model used in this study can be applied to simulate compressive failure of the actual tunnel lining and corresponding change of tunnel deformation mode. (2) More than the overburden pressure of 3D (tunnel diameter D = 10 m) is required to simulate the compressive failure at crown or sidewall of the lining caused by earthquake.

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