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Abstract: Huge earthquakes can pose serious risks even for rock tunnels, as evidenced by large earthquakes in the past. In a large earthquake in Japan in 2004, some tunnels suffered severe damages including collapse of their permanent lining, even though the tunnels were constructed in ordinary ground conditions. To mitigate such risks, mechanical behavior of tunnel lining during earthquake should be...
Abstract: Permanent lining has various functions for tunnel and naturally the fire proof resistance is included, and it is expected to confirm the safety for users. The road tunnels in Japan constructed by conventional method uses plain concrete as permanent lining in general conditions. The thickness is 30 cm and its compressive strength is 18 MPa mainly [1]. Installation of emergency facilities against...