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  Non-Early-Age Crack Concrete-Tunnels and Underground Structures

  The Railways Bosphorus Tube Crossing-Tunnels and Stations of the Marmaray Project of Istanbul- Turkey, undertaken by the JV of TAISEI-GAMA-NUROL, is an underground route of 13.6 km, including 60 m deep immersed tube tunnels under the Bosphorus. The lifetime of the Project is more than 100 years with the requirement that the water retaining parts of the structures shall be water-tight, which entailed implementation of a special structural concrete. The non-early-age crack concrete of the Project was developed within a year through a pretesting process with about 60 diverse test series in the Marmaray Laboratory of the Istanbul Technical University. The results of the pretesting process were incorporated into the ‘’Material and Workmanship Specification’’ prepared by the Contractor GAMA-NUROL. The concrete production and supply was performed by OYAK BETON under a documented management plan, with which a fully traceable detailed and comprehensive database was acquired during execution of the Project. Applications on the non- early-age crack concrete of the Marmaray Project are presented in this paper.

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