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Abstract: Urban tunnelling can be a highly challenging process, especially where ground settlement is not tolerated well, and limited environmental disturbance is required. Controlled mechanised tunnelling is usually preferred in such ground environments, specifically Slurry or EPBM, depending on the ground properties. Although analysis of tunnelling is a three-dimensional (3D) problem, conventional...
Abstract: The Victorian tunnels that lie on the British’s railway network have been vital to facilitating a reliable rail service across the UK for the past 150 years. However, some of these tunnels have started to cause some issues for the network. These tunnels were originally constructed using several rings of brick masonry as a lining. After many years, these brick linings have started to degrade and...