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Abstract: In recent years, the construction industry in Japan suffers a huge shortage of skilled workers due to aging population, and to make up for these problems, we are promoting the mechanization and automation of construction works. However, the placement of tunnel lining concrete is carried out in a narrow and closed traveling formwork and the compaction work by human power using internal vibrators...
Abstract: 3D laser scanners can make detailed measurements of the configuration of objects such as structures and may be used to measure two-dimensionally the surface configuration of a tunnel wall, and technology to apply this equipment to measure displacement of tunnels has recently been developed. However, measurements using a 3D laser scanner can obtain only the surface configurations at the moment...