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Abstract: Traditionally, no bond has been assumed across waterproof membranes installed between primary and secondary tunnel linings. Spray-applied membranes offer the opportunity to consider some bond between the two linings, producing a composite action. The composite action has been verified through a significant laboratory testing programme from research from Pillai et.al. (2017)1 and an analytical...
Abstract: Spray applied waterproof membranes allow composite action between the concrete and the membrane in a tunnel lining. This paper proposes a design chart for the determination of the secondary lining thickness that will allow designers to reduce the lining thickness when composite action is considered. This paper also presents potential savings in materials and carbon footprint in a quantified...
Abstract: Compression core tests and flexural beam tests have been carried out using sprayed waterproof membrane sandwiched samples to obtain shear strength parameters at the sprayed waterproof membrane interface. These are inputted into LS-DYNA software to model realistic load sharing behaviour of a composite lining structure. This paper presents the findings and observations in load sharing between the...