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List of products by author: E. Kleen
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Development of a highly ductile sprayed concrete as a counter-measure for explosion and fire impacts on underground...
Abstract: Extreme impact, as it may result from scenarios like explosions or huge fires, has to be considered as a valid scenario especially when dealing with objects of our urban infrastructure. Currently there is only limited amount of countermeasures available with most of them being developed for one specific threat – fire or explosion. Thus differing impact might expose weaknesses of the measure...
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KOINOR - Development of a Sprayable Geopolymer Concrete for Fire Protection Improvement and Upgrading of Underground...
Abstract: The existing tunnel structures in Germany are characterised by progressive ageing, which is particularly evident in the tunnels’ inner lining. In addition, under the influence of incisive events and new research results over several years, the government has reviewed and updated some of the guidelines under which these buildings were designed and constructed. If deterioration now requires the...
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Practical Application of a Cement-free Shotcrete for Tunnel Refurbishment
Abstract: Existing road and railway tunnels in Central Europe increasingly show signs of aging and deterioration, which is particularly evident in the tunnels’ inner lining. Due to dramatic tunnel fires, and novel research findings, German authorities have reviewed and revised several guidelines for the design of tunnel structures in recent years. In the national research project KOINOR, a cement-free...
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Reduction of Clogging in Mechanized Tunneling using Additives based on Laboratory Research
Abstract: Clogging on parts of the tunnel boring machine can generally occur according to the properties of the soil in case of tunnel drives with shield machines mainly in clay or silt. Clogging could be e.g. possible at the cutting wheel and in the excavation chamber and could lead to a great influence on the advance speed and thus on the economy of a project. In order to reduce clogging during tunnel...
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Shields Machines in Fine Grained Soils: Results from Laboratory Research to Reduce the Clogging Potential
Abstract: Tunnel drives with EPB- and slurry shields in fine grained soils could lead to clogging e.g. at the cutting tools and in the excavation chamber. During tunnel drives using EPB-shields the clogging potential will be in common reduced by changing the consistency index of the support media in the excavation chamber or using additives. During tunnel drives with slurry shields in common additives...
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Successful EPB-Tunnel Drives with Conditioning Agents based on Laboratory Research
Abstract: For each project with an EPB-Shield and its unique soil conditions it’s required to specify the properties of the conditioning agents as well as the properties of the conditioned soil and to determine and monitor these properties. The testing of conditioning agents and conditioned soils in the laboratory helps to enable a successful tunnel drive. Because of that the most important types of soil...
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