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Abstract: Application of tunnel design to site conditions requires continuous monitoring of deformation, review and revision of design considerations. A twin tube road tunnel has been constructed through the heterogeneous weak rock conditions involving sedimentary and volcanic units. Close distance between the tubes due to highway alignment constraints, lowering the water table due to excavation...
Abstract: İzmir is the third largest city of Turkey and one of the most important commercial, industrial and touristic centres of the country. Having the second most important seaport of Turkey and a population of about 4 million, İzmir has become one of the fastest growing cities of the country along with its demand for transportation facilities. Within the context of ‘İzmir Bay Crossing and Connections...