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  Design of Tunnel Lining Insulation Based on the Numerical Analysis and the Measurement of Temperature in Tunnel

  In this paper, a few freezing cases of road tunnels were reviewed, and it was concluded that the freezing protection is necessary. In order to characterize the thermal distribution in the tunnel, measurements were performed on the following area of a road tunnel during winter; the temperature distribution along the tunnel axis, the internal temperature of the lining and the temperature distribution of the ground under the pavement. Using these measurements, the characteristics of the tunnel's internal temperature distribution due to temperature change in the air were analyzed and it was concluded that insulation is necessary behind the lining to prevent the damage in specific conditions. Also, a number of 3D numerical analyses were performed to propose appropriate insulation type and its thicknesses for different conditions, which could prevent the frost damage of the tunnel lining. As a result of the numerical analysis, air freezing index has been suggested as the threshold value for freezing criteria of groundwater behind the tunnel lining.

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