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  Application of GPR in thixotropic slurry jacket assessment for pipe jacking

  In this paper, ground penetrating radar (GPR), as a significant geophysical technique, is firstly applied to a sewage tunnel constructed by pipe jacking method in Shanghai to obtain the thickness distribution of thixotropic slurry around the pipe. The results indicate that integrated slurry jacket can be formed in the longitudinal direction though unevenly and the thickness of slurry jacket is as 10 to 16 times as the over-cutting area, whereas the same effect could be achieved when the ra-tio is only 6 to 7. Therefore, further modification of slurry injection could be proposed. This non-destructive testing method also illustrates that the slurry jacket of shield tunnel is thicker than pipe jacking and among all the reasons, electromagnetic (EM) wave is the fundamental one that it travels much faster in the grouts behind the segment lining in shield tunnel. Water content and hydration speed are two key factors contributing to this difference.

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