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  Optimization of conventional brine freezing in combination with liquid nitrogen freezing

  Artificially frozen soil can be used as an impermeable support structure for a wide range of geotechnical applications. Basically, two different methods are used, ground freezing with brine and with liquid nitrogen. Although the freezing method with brine has recently been applied in a number of construction projects, the freezing method with liquid nitrogen is still considered as an emergency solution. A combination of both methods is rarely used until now. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the advantages of a combined brine and liquid nitrogen freezing method. The results of multiple numerical simulations of various freeze pipe arrangements along with different groundwater flow velocities are presented. These investigations show that not only the freezing time but also the costs can be reduced significantly by adding only a few liquid nitrogen pipes in the upstream to create a precooling effect.

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