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  Modeling Shallow Tunneling near Existing Underground Structure in Cohesionless Soil

  Tunneling in a homogeneous, cohesionless soil under isotropic in-situ stress condition was modeled through finite element analyses using the internal stress reduction method. Tunnels of various depths and various basement conditions were considered. It was found that yielding occurred and extended to the ground surface for a shallower tunnel but only occurred in local area at the same level of stress ratio for a deeper tunnel. For a tunnel with a given depth, the critical basement depth and critical distance between the basement wall and tunnel are both approximately two times the tunnel depth; beyond the critical depth and distance, the basements of various depths and distances will essentially have the same amount of effect on the tunnel when considerable yielding occurs. The stiffer the basement wall condition assumed, the smaller the resulted tunnel deformation when large yielding occurs. The difference in effect on tunnel due to various basement wall conditions assumed is small when the wall is located beyond the critical distance.

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