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  Tunnelling technology for marine pipeline installations

  The situation in coastal areas is becoming critical. More and more people are moving to the world´s urban centers. Big cities are turning into megacities with more than 5 million inhabitants. Most of these megacities grow up in coastal areas. Cities like Jakarta, Lagos, Manila, Mumbai, Bangkok, New York, Osaka-Kobe, Rio de Janeiro and Shanghai have one thing in common: they are all located on narrow stretches of coast line. More than 40 percent of the world´s population already live within 100 kilometers of the sea, another 40 percent live in cities along the rivers. Thus, the majority of the world population lives close to waters. The challenge to match in these places is to provide people with sufficient potable water and to handle sewage disposal to assure health and quality of life. In the construction of utility infrastructures in coastal areas or in river regions, tunneled Outfalls, Intakes and Landfalls are en effective and sustainable method. With the help of sea outfalls (including river outfalls in the following) wastewater can be transported away from the coastline or river bank and discharged at locations where diffusion, dispersion and decomposition are enhanced. The municipal wastewater may be fully treated, pre-treated or untreated. Water intakes can be constructed, for example, to supply water to desalination or power plants. If no beach or sandy floor exists near the plant location, or if the site conditions are inadequate for infiltration, a tunnelled offshore intake system is the ideal choice. The worldwide growing demand for oil and gas makes the construction of pipelines on and offshore necessary. Please find hereafter an overview of application fields for tunnelled pipeline systems from the mainland into the Sea and vice versa.

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