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  Numerical Models of Tunnels and Eurocode7

  In the Czech Republic, it has been common practice to design geotechnical structures using the limit states method since early 1960s. This methodology implemented in the Czech standards was clear and well-defined approach that was in general accepted and lead to safe and economic design. With the introduction of EN 1997-1 „Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1: General rules“, the engineers have to use a similar concept of the limit states, but with certain differences. The Ultimate Limit State has been divided into five categories (EQU, STR, GEO,UPL,HYD) and three alternative Design Approaches (DA's) have been developed for the limit states evaluation. The Design Approaches differ in the way of applying the partial factors on the ground strength, resistance and different types of loads. The National Annex can suggest relevant design approache and partial factors for a particular country. Nevertheless there are no recommendations for the selection of the DA in the Czech NA.

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