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  Optimization of geological researches for subway planning in Moscow

  The engineering-geological information for designing and building the metro tunnels is characterized by considerable randomness due to the discreteness of its procuration. This is confirmed by revelations of many native [Pashkin, 2013] and foreign [Charles, 1976] specialists. Even the detailed researches received according to the normative documents existing in the country then lead to the results different from actual data. Sometimes these differences are considerable. In that case some questions occur. Is such specification really necessary? To what level of specification engineering-geological researches should be conducted? Non conformity of existing tunnel construction methods to complexity of engineering geological conditions required the development of innovative technologies, practically free from impacts of the geological environment. Such technologies were developed in the last decades and found broad application in world practice of tunnel construction. The main feature of these technics is the use of high-tech tunnel boring mechanized complexes (TBM). The TBM-tunnelling technology substantially changes the requirements for necessary engineering-geological information [Krokhalev & Mazein, 2010]. The solution of this problem involve several questions: Will it be possible to design the tunnels using only the illustrative cross-sections which retain uncertainty? Is it necessary to collect the data on TBM interaction with geological environment by means of researches in standard engineering-geological conditions in process of tunnel penetration? Consequently designer and builder acquire much more flexible system of TBM interaction regulation with the soil massif. In our opinion, contemporary little expressive engineering-geological cross-sections don't transfer even minimum of necessary data to the designer and the builder. The requirements to engineering-geological conditions of Moscow city developed long ago still remain practically unchanged. The construction of subsequent lines of Moscow subway remains conform to these out-of-date norms. However in our age – age of technological break-through in the use of underground space – it important to find out to what extent these rules and norms are optimal? Introduction of technologies developed in the last decades with application of TBM shields for tunnel construction allows to neutralize a great number of negative effects connected with complex and non-uniform structure of the geological and hydrogeological environment. In many ways, the development of these technologies was connected with overcoming of tunnel penetration obstacles. Most often the obstacles were generated by uncertainties remaining even when the detailed schemes of engineering-geological researches were applied. Thus, the ancient technology of obtaining geological information for purpose of urban tunnels construction stalemated. The solution was found in "revolutionary" change in general concept of

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