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  3D F.E. back analyses of two NATM tunnels in weak flysch

  Two cases of tunnels driven through varying lithological sequences of weak flysch were back analyzed using the F.E. method under 3-D conditions. Several analyses were carried out in cross sections with unfavourable combinations of in situ stress field and rock mass strength. During the modelling, important factors and conditions were taken into account as the steps of progress of the tunnel face, the placing of various types of temporary support and the possible variation of the geotechnical parameters, as well. The displacements from the analyses were compared with either the measured ones and/or the simple predictions using well known approximate methods. The concluded remarks were pinpointed on the observed deviations. Keywords : NATM tunnels, F.E.M. analyses, flysch, convergence.

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