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  Extension of single-tube tunnel with service tube to a two-tube tunnel

  This paper presents the analysis of different design and construction models for extension of single-tube tunnels for bidirectional traffic with service tube, to a standard two-tube tunnel for one-way traffic in each tunnel tube on state roads or expressways. Namely, in the last years several long single-tube tunnels for bidirectional traffic with service tubes were built in Croatia (Sveta Tri Kralja Tunnel – 1.741 m, Sveti Ilija Tunnel – 4.248 m) and many more are planned or are in the design phase (Omiš Tunnel - 1.471 m, Drvenik Tunnel - 5.650 m, Babja Gora Tunnel - 1.925 m, Oštri Kuk Tunnel - 3.125 m, Debeli Brijeg Tunnel - 2.467 m). This kind of solution of a long single-tube tunnel for bidirectional traffic with a service tube on state roads and expressways is satisfactory according to the valid regulations (EU Directive 2004/54/EC [1] and national laws and regulations for the respective field [2]) only in cases of low traffic intensity (AADT <10.000 veh/day/per lane, low seasonal daily traffic or low heavy goods vehicle traffic). However the possibility of significant traffic increase has to be considered, as well as possible stricter safety requirements for road tunnels. In this case, a full profile, second tunnel tube has to be constructed in order to achieve the solution with two tunnel tubes and one-way traffic in each one.

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