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  Review of modern concepts of tunnel construction machinery

  The worldwide tunnel construction industry is characterized by extraordinary momentum and pace of the projects, while confirming the technical potential of the drilling machines and the newest technologies and methods of tunnel construction [1]. The high level of the tunnel technologies has been caused by many factors, which include: • The development of machines and technologies for mining both firm and easily mineable rocks, • Progress in the construction of Tunnel Boring Machines, • The development of machines for loading and transport of the bore meal. Tunnel construction, as a large-dimensioned heading, is a challenging task due to high pressures in rock masses registered at the breakout contour as well as the type rocks and its geomechanical properties. Solid rocks, which are difficult to mine, are capable of transmitting increased stress thus ensuring the stability of the heading, while weak rocks, which are easy to mine, are not capable of transmitting additional stress and deform easily causing a serious problem in the construction of an underground heading [1]. The modern methods of tunnel construction may be divided into four groups [1] • Underground mining method, • Strip mining method, • Mechanical method using TBM cutter head, • Tunnel flooding method.

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