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  Design and construction aspects of a conventional shallow tunnel in very soft soil

  The Metro Line 5 Expansion is currently in progress in São Paulo/Brazil. It is a project that will connect the South area of the city to the city centre. There are 11 km of tunnels and 11 new stations under construction, including connections to the existent Line 1 Santa Cruz Station and Line 2 Klabin Station. Brooklin Station, part of the expansion, is located in a highly occupied area in São Paulo South Zone and presents some urban challenges such as a small worksite area available and a soil contamination zone in the vicinity. A 7,0 meter diameter access tunnel with a low coverage (less than 5,0 meters) was built by the conventional method under one of the busiest avenues in the city, demanding actions to minimize the impact of the tunnel construction with the daily urban life. The geological conditions were unfavourable, with a thick layer of compressible soft clay and a high water level. Because of the geological and environmental condition, no dewatering process was allowed and to overcome this circumstance a project was development based on the concept of a soil treatment to ensure watertight and stable conditions for excavations.

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