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  Face support and stabilisation in soft ground TBM tunnelling

  The sufficient support of the tunnel face is of critical importance both during boring and during standstill. Many calculation models have been developed to calculate the required support pressure, but none ever made it into a standard. As the knowledge and understanding of the theory behind the more complex models sometimes is very limited, this paper will explain the general concepts of those models and indicate important points when using them. The paper will also discuss what should be done when a face support loss is detected, either during excavation or during standstill. The latter is especially critical when it happens during a cutter head intervention. The paper will discuss which methodologies are required to stabilise the face and to get the TBM under operation again including two short case studies.

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