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  Sprayable waterproofing membranes: possibilities and limitations

  Sprayed waterproofing membranes have been used in underground construction sincemore than a decade. They are typically applied onto the primary sprayed concrete lining and covered later on by the secondary concrete lining, adhering to both primary and secondary linings forming a composite shell lining. A double-bonded sprayed membrane provides an effective barrier to any groundwater inflow or water outflow from tunnels, because it prevents any migration of water along the interfaces concrete-membrane. When properly designed and applied it provides a fast and economic alternative waterproofing solution. In comparison to conventional waterproofing systems it offers great advantages and substantial savings to owners and contractors. This paper describes the key features of the membrane, its range of application and limitations, the waterproofing concept, design aspects, guidance for application and quality control, as well as two recent project references.

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