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  Influence of Construction Method on Shaft Design

  This paper considers the design of a number of shafts of varying size, constructed using diaphragm walling techniques in the Middle East. The walls were constructed to full depth in loose sand and layered rock, to facilitate the rapid construction programme. The design process revealed that the loads on the walls were substantially affected by construction processes. Two key effects were identified; firstly, the stress reduction in the ground due to excavation under bentonite, followed by the application of wet concrete pressures, which generated a very different pressure distribution from the in-situ earth pressures. Secondly, it was found that arching in the ground around the panels as they are installed further affects the loads, and is dependent on the panel size, layout and soil/rock type. This paper will present the design approach adopted, and the results of the analyses.

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